ASTM F1904-1998(2003) 测试体内粒子生物响应的标准操作规程

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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforTestingtheBiologicalResponsestoParticlesInVivo
【原文标准名称】:测试体内粒子生物响应的标准操作规程
【标准号】:ASTMF1904-1998(2003)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.16
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:生物配伍;生物响应;在体内;颗粒
【英文主题词】:biocompatibility;biologicalresponse;invivo;interleukins;particles;
【摘要】:Thispracticeistobeusedtohelpassessthebiocompatibilityofmaterialsusedinmedicaldevices.Itisdesignedtotesttheeffectofparticlesfromthematerialsonthehosttissues.Theappropriatenessofthemethodsshouldbecarefullyconsideredbytheusersincenotallmaterialsorapplicationsneedbetestedbythispractice.Thevalidityofthesestudiesinpredictingthehumanresponseisnotknownatthistimeandstudiessuchasdescribedhereareneeded.AbbreviationUsed:4.3.1LPS8212;Lipopolysaccharide(endotoxin).4.3.2LAL8212;Limulusamebocytelysate.4.3.3PCR8212;Polymerasechainreaction.4.3.4CD8212;Clusterdifferentiation.4.3.5HLA8212;Humanleukocyteantigens.1.1Thispracticecoverstheproductionofweardebrisanddegradationproductsfromimplantedmaterialsthatmayleadtoacascadeofbiologicalresponsesresultingindamagetoadjacentandremovetissues.Inordertoascertaintheroleofparticlesinstimulatingsuchresponses,thenatureoftheresponses,andtheconsequencesoftheresponses,establishedprotocolsareneeded.Thisisanemerging,rapidlydevelopingareaandtheinformationgainedfromstandardprotocolsisnecessarytointerpretresponses.Someoftheprocedureslistedheremay,onfurthertesting,notprovetobepredictiveofclinicalresponsestoparticulatedebris.However,onlytheuseofstandardprotocolswillestablishwhichareusefultechniques.Sincetherearemanypossibleandestablishedwaysofdeterminingresponses,asinglestandardprotocolisnotstated.However,thisrecommendedpracticeindicateswhichnecessaryinformationshouldbesuppliedwiththetestresults.Forlaboratorieswithoutestablishedprotocols,recommendationsaregivenandindicatedwithanasterisk.1.2Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C04
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_40
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:


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【英文标准名称】:Ergonomics-Evaluationofthermalstrainbyphysiologicalmeasurements
【原文标准名称】:人类工效学.热应变的生理学测量评价
【标准号】:ISO9886-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2004-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC159
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:人类工效学;温度测量;热应力;人体生理学;生理学;热环境;体温;工作场所安全;热学;环境;符号;皮肤;人体;生理的;测量技术;试验;温度;应力
【英文主题词】:Bodytemperature;Environment;Ergonomics;Heat;Humanbody;Humanphysiology;Lossofmass;Measuringtechniques;Physiological;Physiology;Skin(body);Stress;Symbols;Temperature;Temperaturemeasurement;Testing;Thermalenvironment;Thermalstress;Workplacesafety
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandarddescribesmethodsformeasuringandinterpretingthefollowingphysiologicalparameters:—bodycoretemperature;—skintemperatures;—heartrate;—body-massloss.Thechoiceofvariablestobemeasuredandtechniquestobeusedisatthediscretionofthoseresponsibleforthehealthoftheemployees.Thesepersonswillhavetotakeintoaccountnotonlythenatureofthethermalconditions,butalsothedegreeofacceptanceofthesetechniquesbytheemployeesconcerned.Itshouldbeemphasisedthatdirectmeasurementsontheindividualcanonlybecarriedoutontwoconditions.a)Ifthepersonhasbeenfullyinformedaboutthediscomfortandthepotentialrisksassociatedwiththemeasurementtechniqueandgivesfreeconsenttosuchmeasurements.b)Ifthemeasurementspresentnoriskforthepersonwhichisunacceptableinviewofgeneralorspecificcodesofethics.Inordertosimplifythischoice,AnnexApresentsacomparisonofthedifferentmethodsconcerningtheirfieldofapplication,theirtechnicalcomplexity,thediscomfortandtherisksthattheymightinvolve.Thisstandarddefinestheconditionswhicharetobemetinordertoensuretheaccuracyofthedatagatheredfromthedifferentmethods.ThemeasurementmethodsaredescribedinAnnexB.LimitvaluesareproposedinAnnexC(informative).Thisstandardisnotconcernedwithexperimentalconditionsforwhichinvestigatorsmaydevelopalternativemethodsintendedtoimproveknowledgeinthisarea.Itishoweverrecommended,whenconductingsuchstudiesinthelaboratory,tousethemethodsdescribedbelowasreferences,sothatresultsmaybecompared.BeforeusingtheevaluationsmethodsdescribedinthisInternationalStandard,theuserisrequiredtofollowtheethicsandlegalrulesinforceinhiscountryorinstitution.Accordingly,ethicalcommitteeswillbeconsultedandrulesconcerningfreewrittenconsent,freedomofparticipation,confidentiality,etc.willbestrictlyfollowed.
【中国标准分类号】:A25
【国际标准分类号】:13_180
【页数】:21P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


基本信息
标准名称:民用航空空勤人员每日膳食中营养素供给标准
英文名称:Standard of dietary nutrients allowance for civil aviation aircrew
中标分类: 航空、航天 >> 航空、航天综合 >> 卫生、安全、劳动保护
发布日期:1995-10-13
实施日期:1995-11-20
首发日期:
作废日期:
出版日期:
页数:5页
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所属分类: 航空 航天 航空 航天综合 卫生 安全 劳动保护